RESUMEN
The COVID-19 pandemic caused strict regulations to lower transmission rates. Industries were shut down, people were in lockdown, and travel was curtailed. Restrictions were in effect for an enough period for people's behaviour to change. For example, online meetings rather than needing to travel. This opens the possibility for alterations to the perception that it is possible to commit to effective climate change actions. A Q methodology study was conducted to analyse how 33 university environmental students across the United Arab Emirates perceive the importance of prioritising climate change actions post-pandemic. Statistical analysis yielded four discourses. The first emphasises the need to learn lessons about climate sustainability and sustain them post-pandemic. The second, more pessimistic but advocates preventing a return to pre-pandemic norms by implementing post-pandemic climate change regulations. The third expects economic recovery to take priority over reducing emissions. The fourth raises opportunities and challenges for environmental sustainability post-COVID-19.
RESUMEN
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid transition to digital teaching enabled higher education institutions (HEIs) to continue teaching. The strict execution exposed barriers that both teachers and students have faced towards digital higher education teaching around the world. In this paper, the barriers from both perspectives are identified and systematically processed. For this purpose, a quantitative survey of 396 students from HEIs in Sweden, Türkiye, and Germany was conducted. The students' barriers were identified and assigned to categories based on teachers' barrier categories, which were analyzed in a pre-study by conducting a literature review. The teachers' barrier categories could be confirmed by the students' survey. However, within the subcategories, the two perspectives differ. All categories and subcategories are described in detail so that this contribution offers an overview of barriers that have to be overcome if digital higher education teaching will be followed in the future. © 2022 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.
RESUMEN
Because of restrictions on in-person research due to COVID-19, researchers are now relying on remotely recorded data to a much greater extent than in the past. Given the change in methodology, it is important to know how remote recording might affect acoustic measurements, either because of different recording devices used by participants and consultants or because of the software used to make recordings. This study investigates audio signal fidelity across different in person recording equipment and remote recording software when compared to solid-state digital audio. We show that equipment choice and software can have a large effect on acoustic measurements, including those of frequency, duration, and noise. The issues do not just reflect decreased reliability;some measurements are systematically shifted in particular recording conditions. These results show the importance of carefully considering and documenting equipment choices, particularly for crosslinguistic or cross-speaker comparisons. We close with a framework for researchers to use in deciding what types of recording may be most appropriate.
RESUMEN
The trend of digitization at universities has increased as a result of the Corona pandemic. Universities and teachers were forced to undertake a digital restructuring in a short period of time. Teaching had to be digitized, so interest in digital educational materials continued to grow. Open Educational Resources (OER) offer great potential in this context due to their digital format and usability across universities. When using as well as creating such free educational materials, lecturers have to check the quality of the OER due to individual quality requirements. For this reason, special attention should be paid to how quality assurance can be measured. There are already numerous models for quality assurance, which differ in terms of their complexity and level of detail. Zawacki-Richter and Mayrberger have conducted a comparison of these models and developed an adapted model based on their findings. By including lecturers, as a relevant stakeholder group, this model will be verified. Lecturers can be seen as exporters or importers of OER. Whether something is high quality depends on the needs of each user, their tasks and processes, so quality requirements can vary with the respective role. The aim is to investigate which quality criteria lecturers think OER should fulfill in order to be of high quality. For this purpose, an embedded mixed method (EMM) survey of lecturers was conducted, in which the different roles of a lecturer were also distinguished. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
RESUMEN
[Formula presented] Introduction Daratumumab, when added to standard of care regimens in relapsed and untreated myeloma, has consistently demonstrated significant improvements in response rates, induction of MRD negative responses and progression-free survival (PFS) while proving highly tolerable with minor increases in overall regimen toxicity. In non-transplant eligible patients daratumumab has been added in randomized studies to lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) and bortezomib, melphalan and prednisolone (VMP) backbones, but not to the VCD regimen. Furthermore, the randomized studies excluded a significant proportion of patients with comorbidities so the benefit of daratumumab in a frail, elderly myeloma population remains untested. Methods Inclusion criteria included untreated patients with symptomatic myeloma who were considered ineligible for high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation due to either age >65years or the presence of comorbidities. Any degree of renal impairment, including dialysis dependence, was allowed as were patients with a prior history of systemic malignancy that had been disease-free for 2 years. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive VCD or VCDD. VCD consisted of nine 5-week cycles of V 1.3 mg/m2 SC on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22;C 300mg/m2 PO on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 and D 20 mg PO on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22. VCDD consisted of nine 5-week cycles of VCD plus daratumumab 16 mg/kg IV on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of cycles 1 and 2, Days 1 and 15 of cycles 3 to 6 and Day 1 of cycles 7 to 9, followed by daratumumab maintenance 16 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks until progression. The primary endpoint was PFS with secondary endpoints being response rates, MRD, overall survival, toxicity and quality of life. Results A total of 129 patients were randomized, but 7 did not commence intended therapy. The following modified ITT analysis is based on the 122 randomized patients, 58 in the VCD group and 64 in the VCDD group, who received therapy. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two arms. Median age was 76 years (range, 62-91yrs), with 19% being ≥80 years of age. 30% were female. ECOG performance status was 0 (34%),1 (26%), 2 (16%) and unknown (25%). ISS stage was I (16%), II (36%), III (23%) and unknown (24%). The estimated median potential follow-up is 12.6 months. At the time of this report, the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted collection of site data. As a result, the following outcome data is provisional with a full data set to be available for presentation of the formal pre-planned interim analysis by the time of the ASH meeting. Overall response rate was 86% for VCD and 93% for VCDD. There was no significant difference between response rates after 4 cycles of induction for the VCD and VCDD arms: CR 3% vs 2%, VGPR 31% vs 41%, PR 51% vs 50%, MR 11% vs 7%, PD 3% vs 0%. Median PFS for the entire cohort (Fig A) was 21.8 months (95%CI 17.1-31.6 months). Median PFS for those treated with VCD was 18.9 months (95%CI 15.3-NR) and was 26.3 months (95%CI 17.1-31.6 months) for those treated with VCDD. In both arms combined, median PFS was 26.3 vs 21.9 months for those aged <75 vs ≥75 yrs, and not reached, 21.8 months and 19.9 months for those with ISS stage I, II and III, respectively. 19% of patients in the VCD group and 16% of patients in the VCDD group ceased therapy early, predominantly due to adverse events or death. SAEs during the induction period occurred in 44% and 52% of patients in the VCD and VCDD arms, respectively. There were 13 patients with SAEs due to infection in the VCD group and 20 in the VCDD group. Grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy was uncommon, with only one case in the VCD arm. Conclusions The VCD schedule as detailed in this study appears efficacious, well tolerated and deliverable to an elderly myeloma population. The addition of daratumumab does not compromise chemotherapy delivery and may improve PFS. Formal interim analysis of the trial data will be presented at the meeting. [Formula presented] Disclosures: Mollee: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of D rectors or advisory committees;BMS/Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Caelum: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Reynolds: Novartis AG: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Janowski: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;BMS/ Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;AstraZenica: Consultancy. Quach: Amgen, Celgene, karyopharm, GSK, Janssen Cilag, Sanofi.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;GlaxoSmithKline, Karyopharm, Amgen, Celgene, Janssen Cilag: Honoraria;GlaxoSmithKline, Karyopharm, Amgen, Celgene, Janssen Cilag: Consultancy;Amgen, sanofi, celgene, Karyopharm, GSK: Research Funding. Campbell: Amgen, Novartis, Roche, Janssen, Celgene (BMS): Research Funding;AstraZeneca, Janssen, Roche, Amgen, CSL Behring, Novartis: Consultancy. Gibbs: Janssen, BMS/Celgene, Amgen, Takeda, Pfizer, Caelum, Abbvie and Eidos: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. D'Rozario: Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;BMS/ Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Wallington-Beddoe: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Weber: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Spencer: Celgene, Janssen and Takeda: Speakers Bureau;AbbVie, Celgene, Haemalogix, Janssen, Sanofi, SecuraBio, Specialised Therapeutics Australia, Servier and Takeda: Consultancy;Amgen, Celgene, Haemalogix, Janssen, Servier and Takeda: Research Funding;AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Haemalogix, Janssen, Sanofi, SecuraBio, Specialised Therapeutics Australia, Servier and Takeda: Honoraria. OffLabel Disclosure: Daratumumab as initial treatment of myeloma
RESUMEN
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic it is anticipated that there will be a shortage of mechanical ventilators available for patients in critical condition. This has sparked many discussions about rationing resources and withholding care;however, an alternative may be to implement manual ventilation in these situations instead. Manual ventilation and a safety device were assessed for efficacy of extended use, such as may be required during this pandemic. Methods: To evaluate physical output characteristics of extended manual ventilation and efficacy of a barotrauma mitigation device, 47 medical students, nurses and medics completed two 1-hour manual ventilation sessions using the SmartLung 2000 Lung Simulator and 5300 Series Mass Flow Meter with a SPUR II resuscitator bag and endotracheal tube, mimicking a healthy adult with normal lung physiology, both with and without the Sotair device. Providers were randomised to complete their initial session either with or without the Sotair device. Findings: Collected data show wide variability in tidal volume and peak pressure in unmitigated manual breaths despite prior training and independent exploration of the resuscitation equipment prior to testing. The mean (±SD) tidal volume with bag only was 563.9±128.8 mL and with the safety device 536.1±80.9 mL (p<0.0001). The mean peak inspiratory pressure with bag only was 17.2±6.3 cm H2O and with the safety device 14.9±2.4 cm H2O (p<0.0001). Interpretation: While extended manual ventilation cannot replace mechanical ventilation, it is feasible with a safety device, which may reduce barotrauma, underventilation and overventilation. These results also demonstrate that withholding care and rationing resources may not be necessary. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.